Técnicas Anestésicas en Cirugía Plástica: Revisión de la literatura.

Sánchez-López, José Antonio; González González, Luis Ernesto; Soto-Hopkins, Sergio; Sanchez Knupflemacher, Daniel

doi:10.58281/ccem25080106

Técnicas Anestésicas en Cirugía Plástica: Revisión de la literatura.

CRITICAL CARE & EMERGENGY MEDICINE VOL. 4

Anesthetic Techniques in Plastic Surgery: A Literature Review

www.doi.org/10.58281/ccem25080106

2 agosto, 2025 agosto 2, 2025
Revisión narrativa, Volumen 4.

José Antonio Sánchez López 1, Luis Ernesto González González 2 , Sergio Ariel Soto-Hopkins 3 , Daniel Sanchez Knupflemacher 4.

1 Médico Adscrito de Anestesiología Cardiovascular, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Ciudad de México, México.
2 Médico Residente de Segundo Año de Anestesiología. Hospital Ángeles Clínica Londres, Ciudad de México, México.
3 Anestesiólogo Cardiovascular, Investigador Independiente, Tijuana, México.
4 Estudiante de Medicina e Investigador, Universidad Westhill, Ciudad de México, México.

Abstract

Plastic surgery, both reconstructive and aesthetic, aims to correct functional or morphological body alterations, including cases in which healthy individuals express dissatisfaction with their physical appearance. According to data from the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, by 2023, the
most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide were liposuction and breast augmentation. To ensure safe surgical practice, a multidisciplinary team is essential, including plastic surgeons, anesthesiologists, and nursing staff. After clinical evaluation, the most appropriate anesthetic technique should be selected based on patient characteristics, the type of surgical procedure, and available resources. Preoperative medication plays a key role in optimizing perioperative
management by reducing preoperative anxiety, postoperative nausea and vomiting, pain, and thromboembolic risk. It also supports enhanced recovery within protocols such as Enhanced Recovery After Surgery. Regarding anesthetic techniques, no significant differences have been found between general anesthesia and total intravenous anesthesia in terms of intraoperative hemodynamic effects or mortality. However, total intravenous anesthesia is associated with a lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Regional anesthesia, on the other hand, offers superior benefits in pain control and reduction of perioperative thrombotic events, although its use is limited due to potential neuroaxial complications and patient reluctance. Currently, there is a growing trend toward multimodal anesthetic strategies that combine various techniques to maximize clinical benefits and minimize complications. This individualized approach is tailored to each patient, with the goal of enhancing overall well-being and postoperative recovery.

Resumen

La cirugía plástica, tanto reconstructiva como estética, busca corregir alteraciones funcionales o morfológicas del cuerpo, incluyendo casos en los que pacientes sanos expresan insatisfacción con su apariencia. Según datos de la International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, hasta 2023, los procedimientos más comunes a nivel mundial fueron la liposucción y el aumento mamario. Para garantizar una práctica segura, es fundamental conformar un equipo multidisciplinario que incluya especialistas en cirugía plástica, anestesiología y enfermería. Tras una valoración clínica, se selecciona la técnica anestésica más adecuada según las características del paciente, el tipo de procedimiento y los recursos disponibles. La medicación preoperatoria optimiza el manejo perioperatorio al reducir la ansiedad, las náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios, el dolor y el riesgo tromboembólico. Además, contribuye a una recuperación más rápida bajo protocolos como Enhanced Recovery After Surgery. En cuanto a técnicas anestésicas, no se observan diferencias significativas entre anestesia general y anestesia total intravenosa en términos de efectos hemodinámicos intraoperatorios o mortalidad, aunque la anestesia total intravenosa presenta menor incidencia de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios. Por su parte, la anestesia regional ofrece beneficios superiores en control del dolor y reducción de eventos trombóticos, pero su uso es limitado por riesgos neurológicos y rechazo de algunos pacientes. Actualmente, se favorecen esquemas anestésicos multimodales que combinan diversas técnicas para maximizar los beneficios clínicos y minimizar complicaciones, adaptándose a cada paciente con el objetivo de mejorar su bienestar y recuperación postoperatoria

Keywords

Plastic surgery; general anesthesia; total intravenous anesthesia; regional anesthesia; spinal anesthesia.

Biografias de autores

José Antonio Sánchez López .
Médico Adscrito de Anestesiología Cardiovascular, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Ciudad de México, México

Luis Ernesto González González.
Médico Residente de Segundo Año de Anestesiología. Hospital Ángeles Clínica Londres, Ciudad de México, México.

Sergio Ariel Soto-Hopkins.
Anestesiólogo Cardiovascular, Investigador Independiente, Tijuana, México.

Daniel Sanchez Knupflemacher.
Estudiante de Medicina e Investigador, Universidad Westhill, Ciudad de México, México.

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How to Cite / Como citar

[1] José Antonio Sánchez López, Luis Ernesto González González, Sergio Ariel Soto-Hopkins, and Daniel Sanchez Knupflemacher. 2025. Técnicas Anestésicas en Cirugía Plástica: Revisión de la literatura. CRITICAL CARE & EMERGENCY MEDICINE. Vol. 4, 6–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58281/ccem25080106.

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